More reading: thinking models
This is what I had pulled together for Garbage in, garbage out.
Scientific method
Allain, R. (2013, April 1). What’s Wrong With the Scientific Method? Wired. https://www.wired.com/2013/04/whats-wrong-with-the-scientific-method/
Brian Hepburn, H. A. (2021, June 1). Scientific Method. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scientific-method/
Ellerton, P. (2016, September 14). What exactly is the scientific method and why do so many people get it wrong? The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/what-exactly-is-the-scientific-method-and-why-do-so-many-people-get-it-wrong-65117
How To Spot Bad Science. Farnum Street. https://fs.blog/spot-bad-science/
Oreskes, N. (2021, July 1). If you say “science is right,” you’re wrong. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/if-you-say-science-is-right-youre-wrong/
Oreskes, N. (2021b, August 1). Why bad science is sometimes more appealing than good science. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-bad-science-is-sometimes-more-appealing-than-good-science/
Sagan, C. (2011). Demon-haunted world: Science as a candle in the dark. Ballantine Books.
Wikipedia contributors. Scientific method. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientific_method&oldid=1284514324
Triangulation
Bhandari, P. (2023, June 22). Triangualtion in Research | Guides, Types, Examples. Scribber. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/triangulation/
Triangulation in qualitative research: A comprehensive guide [2025]. Looppanel.com. https://www.looppanel.com/blog/triangulation-in-qualitative-research
Critical thinking
Defining critical thinking. Criticalthinking.org. https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/766
Hitchcock, D. (2024). Critical Thinking. In E. N. Zalta & U. Nodelman (Eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2024). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
Novella, S. (2012). Your Deceptive Mind: A Scientific Guide to Critical Thinking Skills. Teaching Company.
Research in general
Conroy, G. (2019, December 10). The 7 deadly sins of research: The most common stumbling blocks. Nature.com. https://www.nature.com/nature-index/news/the-seven-deadly-sins-of-research
Webb, N. G. (2017). Survey: Leading Questions. In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411.n605. https://methods.sagepub.com/ency/edvol/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-communication-research-methods/chpt/survey-leading-questions
Thinking and systems
Grant, A. (2023). Think again: The power of knowing what you don’t know. Penguin.
Pinker, S. (2019). Enlightenment now: The case for reason, science, humanism, and progress. Penguin.
Taleb, N. N. (2013). Antifragile: Things that gain from disorder. Penguin Books.
Wright, D., & Meadows, D. H. H. (2012). Thinking in Systems: A Primer. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849773386
